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1939/1940 Vichy France, officially the French State, was the government of Marshal Philippe Petain's regime 1940–44, during World War II. France signed an armistice with Germany on 22 June 1940; shortly afterwards "armed Englishmen" presented themselves on the gangplanks of French submarines and ships moored at Devonport in Plymouth. This encounter led to the "first shots exchanged between official representatives of the British and French military in the 125 years since Waterloo". " Joan of Arc was handed over to the English, and then put on trial by the pro-English Bishop of Beauvais Pierre Cauchon on a variety of charges. After Cauchon declared her guilty she was burned at the stake on 30 May 1431, dying at about nineteen years of age."